The evolution of PBMs over the past 2 decades

A ViewPoint by Richman and Adashi in JAMA this week provides a nice overview of the pharmacy benefit manager (PBM) marketplaces as well as some considerations for the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to consider.  Below I summarize some of the developments in the PBM market in recent decades. Of particular note is that PBMs have…

Impact of medication cost-sharing on adherence, clinical outcomes, health care utilization, and costs

This is the paraphrased title of a paper by Fusco et al. (2023). The authors conduct a systematic literature review of studies published between 2010 and 2020 and find that among the 79 articles screened: The majority of publications found that, regardless of disease area, increased cost-sharing was associated with worse adherence, persistence, or discontinuation.…

Do Americans pay twice for drugs?

That is the subtitle from an article in F1000 from Rena Conti (2020). Some individuals claim that because the federal government–often through the National Institutes of Health (NIH)–fund basic research that can inform drug development and then consumers have to pay for those drugs once again after they are approved, this means that Americans are…