Techniques pharmacy benefit managers use to lower cost

How do pharmacy benefit managers (PBM) claim they can reduce cost? A Health Affairs Forefront article by Brennan and Shrank (2023) identify 6 key pathways: Mail order. Mail order alternative is often cheaper than dispensing at the retail pharmaciesdue to greater scale and automation Negotiating power. PBMs leverage purchasing power to lower dispensing fees. PBMs…

Vertical Integration in the Pharmaceutical Market

That is the subtitle of an NBER working paper by Charles Gray, Abby E. Alpert & Neeraj Sood. The author examine recent mergers between pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) and health insurers. On the one hand, integration may beneficial to consumers. It could: (i) improve operational efficiencies, and (ii) better align PBM incentives with those of…

Are PBM exclusion lists value-based?

Value-based insurance design (VBID) is a simple concept.  In short, interventions that provide high-value should be covered with little cost sharing; treatments with low-value should be covered with higher rates of cost sharing or in some cases perhaps not even covered at all. A paper by Cohen et al. (2017) aims to see how far…

Will CVS Caremark split up?

CVS is the second largest pharmacy in the U.S. with over 7000 stores.  Caremark Pharmacy Services is a pharmacy benefit management (PBM) company, providing benefit management services to health plans.  In March of 2007 the two firms merged.  The combined firm not only has $99 billion in sales, CVS Caremark also has the ability not to…